文/周強
轉眼又到了五、六月求職季,大學畢業生即將離開校園尋找適合自己的工作。如果你看到一則外商公司的英文徵才告示,想要應徵該職務,你要能看懂當中關於職位要求、工時與報酬的說明,才能找到符合自己條件的工作。
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A university degree is preferred, but candidates with secondary school certificates are also eligible.
(最好具備大學學歷,若具中學學歷亦可申請。)
* preferred [prɪˋfɝd] (a.) 被喜好的;優先的
Working hours will be 8:30 A.M. to 3:00 P.M., three days a week.
(工作時間自上午八點半到下午三點,每週三天。)
The specific hours cannot be changed, but there is some flexibility regarding the days of the week.
(上班時數是固定的,不得變更,但每週的工作日可彈性調整。)
The candidate must be able to start on June 1.
(應徵者必須能在六月一日到職。)
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The salary offer will be commensurate with candidate’s experience and education.
(薪資會符合應徵者的工作經驗和教育程度。)
* commensurate [kəˋmɛnʃərɪt] (a.) 相稱的;同量的
在以上的徵才告示中,我們看到這家公司對於這個職位的工作職責說明(job description),其中有一句「The specific hours cannot be changed, but there is some flexibility regarding the days of the week.」所要表達的是:「每天從幾點到幾點的上班時數是固定而不可變更的,但是每週的工作日可彈性調整。」句中的specific與flexibility不僅是句意的關鍵,也是多益測驗的必考字。
* specific [spɪˋsɪfɪk] (a.) 特定的,特殊的
* flexibility [͵flɛksəˋbɪlətɪ] (n.) 彈性
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有些人會把specific與special這兩個字混淆!special是「特別的」,但是specific是「特定的」。「The specific hours cannot be changed」是指從幾點到幾點的上班工作時數是特定的,例如從早上09:00到晚上18:00;既然特定,所以是固定而不可改變。
例句:
Quality control specialists are only allowed into specific areas of the factory.
(品管專員只可進入工廠的特定區域。)
「specific」除了有「特定的」之外,它還有「具體的、明確的」,所以如果你覺得外國客戶說得話有些糢糊,讓你摸不著頭緒,你可以對他們說:
Would you please be more specific!
(請說得具體一點!)
多益測驗中有幾個與specific、special長得相似的常考單字,在職場上也會常用到,趁此機會一起學會這些單字的用法吧!
* specialist [ˋspɛʃəlɪst] (n.) 專家
The research and development group is thrilled that a robotics specialist will be joining their team.
(研發小組很興奮有位機器人專家將加入他們的團隊。)
* specialize [ˋspɛʃəl͵aɪz] (v.) 專攻;專門從事
I specialize in the sale of handmade organic soaps. Can we start agents cooperate?
(我專門經營手工有機肥皂,我們可以展開代理合作嗎?)
* specialization [͵spɛʃəlɪˋzeʃən] (n.) 專攻;專精
I have an advanced degree in business with specialization in marketing from the London School of Finance.
(我擁有倫敦財經學院的碩士學位,專攻行銷學。)
* specification [͵spɛsəfəˋkeʃən] (n.) 詳細計畫;規格書
I’m going to give you the specifications for the project, as well as a contract.
(我將提供您此專案的詳細企劃及合約書。)
「flexible」是指物體的「可彎曲的」,以及事情的「有彈性的、靈活的」。在辦公室做事情,都要保持著彈性與靈活性,flexible的名詞是flexibility。「there is some flexibility regarding the days of the week」是指每週的工作日可彈性調整,例如週一、三、五工作或是週二、四、五工作。這樣的對話應該是發生在辦公室的兼職(part-time)人員身上比較多。
例句:
Although jackets are mandatory in this seminar, we are flexible concerning neckties.
(雖然研討會內必須穿著西裝外套,但可彈性選擇是否打領帶。)
Employees in the Research and Development department expect flexibility in the workplace.
(研發部員工盼望彈性工時。)
學會specific和flexibility的用法後,快來試一試以下的多益測驗練習題:
1. Next Thursday the Lambert Historical Society will present ______ methods for learning more about the history of your home.
(A) specify
(B) specifying
(C) specific
(D) specification
2. Perhaps ______ their greater flexibility, smaller companies may be able to react more quickly to economic fluctuations than larger companies.
(A) even if
(B) owing to
(C) not
(D) as
解析:
第1題的正確答案是(C)。method是名詞的「方法」,在其前面的空格應放上修飾名詞的形容詞;選項(C)specific為本文介紹的「具體的、特定的」。全句句意為「Lambert歷史協會將在下週四,介紹如何更加瞭解個人家族史的具體方法。」選項(A)為動詞「具體指定」,選項(B)為現在分詞,選項(D)為名詞「規格」,皆不符合修飾名詞method。
第2題的正確答案是(B)。「their greater flexibility」是名詞性質的詞組,以選項(B)的介係詞片語owing to(由於)最適合。全句句意為「或許是因為小公司有較大的彈性,所以相較於大企業,更能順應經濟的波動。」題中的flexibility即為前文所提的「彈性」。選項(A)要接句子,選項(D)雖為介係詞,但其意為「依照;像…一樣」,在此不符句意。
* 本文的英文部份,取材自《多益測驗官方全真試題指南》及《多益測驗核心單字書》